Bio-Hacker 是最近十年出现的一个名词，主要是通过各种治疗疾病的药物或者保健品提高健康人的体力，脑力和精神状态。达到比正常水平更高的表现能力。最近通过国外网站的一些治疗，以及对各类药物的临床研究治疗。总结了一些能够提高人的思维，记忆和情绪的药物和保健品。但是要注意某些药品属于处方药范围，不能随便在药房购买。
大脑营养药，对大脑能力有提高的药物。
DHA （Docosahexaenoic acid）
英文资料：
DHA is essential for brain development and accounts for 97% of the omega-3 fatty acids found in the brain and 25% of the brain’s total fat content.1 Research shows it has anti-inflammatory properties and heart health benefits as well. Here’s a closer look.
DHA for Adults
DHA also provides health benefits for non-pregnant adults, specifically for the following health conditions.
- Brain health: DHA may help protect against age-related cognitive decline, suggests a 2010 research review from Current Alzheimer's Research.10 Analyzing data from previously published clinical trials, the review's authors found that taking 900mg supplements containing both DHA and EPA may help treat mild cognitive impairment, but not Alzheimer's disease.
- Depression: DHA may help protect against depression. Investigators analyzed 14 studies on polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in depressive patients and found people with depression may be more likely to have low levels of DHA and EPA. The study authors suggest that DHA and EPA may reduce depressive symptoms.
- Heart disease: While there was hope for many years that DHA supplementation might improve outcomes in people with heart disease, more recent evaluation (up to 2017) has not been able to demonstrate a mortality benefit.12 It does seem to have some efficacy in improving arrhythmias but more studies are needed.
DHA's Possible Side Effects（副作用)
Although DHA is generally considered safe, taking DHA in the form of fish oil is known to cause a number of side effects, including bad breath, heartburn, and nausea.
What's more, there's some concern that fish oil might reduce immune system activity and weaken the body's defense against infection. In addition, taking fish oil in combination with certain medications (such as blood pressure drugs) may produce harmful effects in some cases. It's important to consult your physician before combining fish oil with medications.
Fish oil has a blood-thinning effect and should be taken with caution and only after consulting with a physician by people who are on blood thinners or anti-platelet medications.
DHA，二十二碳六烯酸，俗称脑黄金，是一种对人体非常重要的多不饱和脂肪酸，属于Omega-3不饱和脂肪酸家族中的重要成员。DHA是神经系统细胞生长及维持的一种主要元素，是大脑和视网膜的重要构成脂肪酸，在人体大脑皮层中含量高达20%，在眼睛视网膜中所占比例最大，约占50%。对婴儿智力和视力发育至关重要。
DHA约占大脑中欧米伽-3脂肪酸的97%，人体维持各种组织的正常功能，必须保证有充足的各种脂肪酸，在各种脂肪酸中，亚油酸ω6、亚麻酸ω3是人体不能自身合成，而必需由食物中摄取的，称为必需的脂肪酸。DHA作为一种脂肪酸，其增强记忆与思维能力、提高智力等作用更为显著。人群流行病学研究发现，体内DHA含量高的人，其心理承受力较强，且智力发育指数也较高。
占视网膜中总脂肪酸的60﹪。 在视网膜中，每个视紫质分子周围有60分子富含DHA的磷脂分子包围着。使视网膜色素分子提高视觉敏锐性。有助于大脑中神经传递。
胞磷胆碱 Citicoline
胞磷胆碱是一种价格较为低廉的普药，为脑代谢激活剂，能够促进脑细胞呼吸，改善脑功能，增强上行网状结构激活系统的功能，促进苏醒，降低脑血管阻力。
目前，在中国医院脑保护类用药中，胞磷胆碱是临床用量最大的神经激活剂，2007年国内医院胞磷胆碱水针、粉针和输液注射剂用药总量已达到11268万支。在中枢神经损伤后，胞磷胆碱可参与修复和再生，起神经保护作用；在神经介质的转移和生物电的传导中也起重要作用。该药不但可以治疗颅脑损伤和脑血管意外所引起的神经系统的后遗症，并可用于帕金森综合征和老年性痴呆症的辅助治疗。对急性中风、外科手术后引起的神经损伤、意识障碍、青光眼等有明显的临床治疗效果。
Citicoline enhances glucose metabolism and increases blood flow to the brain. Citicoline is so effective at increasing circulation to the brain that doctors throughout Europe have been prescribing it for this reason for years.
Citicoline is considered a nootropic and is often sold as either a single ingredient supplement or included in nootropic brain supplement formulas.
Cognition tends to decline with aging, due to reduced brain blood flow or other causes. A review of 14 clinical trials concluded that CDP-choline could improve memory and behavior in people with mild to moderate cognitive impairment, including those with poor brain circulation
According to preliminary research, citicoline may enhance focus and mental clarity, especially in low cognitive performers.
磷脂酰丝氨酸 Phosphatidylserine
通过补充足够的胞磷胆碱和DHA可以有效生成这种营养物，也可以补充
促智类药品
Piracetam 吡拉西坦
吡拉西坦，为γ-氨基丁酸的衍生物，是一种新型促思维记忆药。对脑缺氧损伤具有保护作用，促进受损大脑的恢复。吡拉西坦作用选择性强、无镇痛、镇静或精神兴奋作用、无精神药物的不良反应、无依赖性。
吡拉西坦为GABA的类似物，可激活腺苷酸激酶，提高大脑ATP/ADP比值，增加大脑对氨基酸，蛋白质、葡萄糖的吸收和利用。促进大脑细胞代谢，提高大脑皮质抵抗缺氧的能力。
为氨酪酸的同类物,具有激活、保护和修复脑细胞的作用，能改善脑缺氧、活化大脑细胞、提高大脑中ATP/ADP比值，促进氨基酸和磷酯的吸收、蛋白质合成以及葡萄糖的利用和能量的储存，促进脑代谢，增加脑血流量。可加速大脑半球间经过胼胝体的信息传递速度，提高学习记忆及思维活动的能力。
Piracetam只是一系列西坦类药品的一种，他们有相似的作用机理。
根据国外的文章，Piracetam可能存在一定的副作用如下，安全性没有通过FDA食品添加剂的评审：
Another, smaller-scale, study of 11 epilepsy patients reported some relatively minor side-effects, such as increased fatigue, but ultimately concluded that piracetam was generally well-tolerated by most patients over the course of the 18 months of treatment [3].
In another placebo-controlled study of 60 concussion patients, a daily 4800mg dose of piracetam for 8 weeks was reported to partially reduce some of the symptoms commonly associated with brain injuries, such as vertigo, headaches, fatigue, and decreased alertness. However, 64% of the piracetam-treated patients reported experiencing negative side-effects (compared to just 32% of the placebo group .
- “Brain fog”
- Sleepiness / drowsiness / fatigue
- Irritability
- Sleep issues
- Depression
- Muscle twitching
- Headaches
- Excessive sweating
- Various cognitive problems (such as issues with reading, spelling, and verbal retrieval)
L-Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine is also necessary to the production of both thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, and melanin, a natural pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and eyes.
L-Tyrosine is available in high-protein dietary sources like dairy products, meats, fish, and eggs, but the body also produces it from another amino acid called L-phenylalanine. Because the body can produce adequate amounts of L-tyrosine, supplementation isn’t essential for basic health.
Research suggests that supplemental L-tyrosine can enhance cognition, increase energy, boost mood, and increase motivation, particularly for people under physical or environmental stress.
One of the most interesting aspects of L-tyrosine supplementation is that it performs best under pressure, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that L-tyrosine’s effectiveness is limited to extreme situations.
天然提取物
L-Theanine 左旋茶氨酸
L-theanine was first isolated from the gyokuro leaf in a laboratory in Kyoto, Japan in 1949. Gyokuro is a type of green tea with a high L-theanine content, though the amino acid can be found in other green, black, and white teas from Camellia sinensis.2
L-theanine is a non-protein and non-dietary amino acid with a chemical structure and blood-brain barrier crossing similar to major neurotransmitters like glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).3 Like these neurotransmitters, L-theanine is heavily associated with the effects it can have on our moods.
动物研究显示L-茶氨酸可能迅速穿过血脑屏障，提高大脑中血清素、γ-氨基丁酸和多巴胺的水平，与谷氨酸和NMDA受体结合，并可能增加脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的水平。长期服用L-茶氨酸（即超过3至4周）可能具有一般的神经保护作用，这可能是由海马体（在记忆巩固中发挥核心作用的大脑区域）中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）合成增加所引起的。所有这些影响都被认为可能缓解焦虑。
根据特定种类的茶叶中的L-茶氨酸和咖啡因的相对含量及其制备方法，饮用绿茶以减轻压力或焦虑的个体可能会比刺激作用产生更大的镇定效果。在服用50至200毫克剂量的L-茶氨酸后30至40分钟内，通常可能会注意到一般的镇定作用，并且通常持续8至10小时。
Can Improve Focus, Memory, and Attention
Maybe sleep isn’t your focus area for improvement; maybe focus is your focus area. If so, surrendering your attention to L-theanine may help it.
Human studies have shown L-theanine can increase focus, reaction times, and even visual processing, particularly in conjunction with caffeine.
研究表明，使用茶氨酸除了少量降低血压和心率外没有明显副作用。L-Theanine + 咖啡因是比较推荐的简单安全的提高认知能力和思维敏锐度的组合
银杏叶提取物 Ginkgo Biloba Extract Powder
银杏叶仍被中国医药用于治疗记忆丢失，胃部疼痛，痢疾，高血压、精神紧张和呼吸道问题如哮喘，支气管炎和循环不良及其引起的焦虑。银杏的活性成分是萜烯部分，其中包括银杏内酯和白果内酯。这些银杏黄酮－糖甙成分具有强大的抗氧化与清除自由基能力。
银杏叶提取物Ginkgo biloba P.E.可能在大脑，眼球视网膜和心血管系统中可发挥抗氧化特性。其在大脑和中枢神经系统中的抗氧化作用可能有助于防止因年龄导致的大脑功能衰落。银杏叶提取物在大脑中的抗氧化功能特别使人感兴趣。大脑和中枢神经系统特别易受自由基攻击。自由基导致大脑损伤被广泛认为是导致伴随衰老而来的多种疾病的影响因素，其中甚至包括阿兹海默症。
There is some evidence indicating that ginkgo can help people with dementia, although more studies are required to confirm this.
The benefits may include:
- improved thinking and memory
- better social behavior
- better ability to perform everyday tasks
One study found that an extract of ginkgo biloba, known as EGb 761, was clinically effective in treating Alzheimer’s dementia.
Other research, published in JAMA, similarly concluded that EGb 761 was safe to use and possibly effective in stabilizing and possibly improving cognitive and the social functioning patients with dementia for between 6 and 12 months.
Researchers believe that ginkgo improves cognitive function because it promotes good blood circulation in the brain and protects the brain and other parts from neuronal damage.
However, other research suggests that ginkgo may not improve memory among people who are healthy.
红景天提取物 Rhodiola Rosea
红景天（又名北极根，黄金根）是景天科植物之一，该科植物原产于东西伯利亚的北极圈内。红景天广泛分布于欧洲和亚洲的极圈和多山地区中。其多生长于海拔11000至18000英尺以上。红景天因其增加多种化学，生物和物理应激能力的功效而被苏联科学家分类为一种适应原。适应原这一术语发源于1947年，由一名苏联科学家拉扎雷夫提出。他定义一种“适应原”为一种可通过产生非特异性抵抗力，从而使有机体可中和不利的物理，化学或生物应激的药物。红景天在苏联和斯勘地维亚曾被深入研究超过35年之久。和苏联科学家研究的其它植物适应原相似，红景天提取物导致了不同领域的多种生理功能的有利改变，其中包括神经传递素水平，中枢神经系统活性和心血管功能。对抗高原反应方面和压力环境下有很好的效果。
I asked my friend and colleague, Tieraona Low Dog, M.D., an internationally recognized expert in the fields of integrative medicine, dietary supplements and women’s health, for her view on Rhodiola extract. She says that it is one of her favorite herbs for treatment of patients suffering from “21st century stress”: fatigue, mental fog, trouble concentrating, low energy and, perhaps, mild depression. She recommends using a standardized extract.
In addition, a study published in 2007 in the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, showed that patients with mild-to-moderate depression who took a rhodiola extract reported fewer symptoms of depression than those who took a placebo. A small human trial of rhodiola at UCLA published in 2008, reported significant improvement in 10 people with generalized anxiety who took the herb for 10 weeks.
非法精神类药品：
- Modafini；2. Ratalin; 3. Adderall 用于治疗ADHD，抑郁和嗜睡等疾病。如果有特殊的疾病，需要在精神科就医后开出，不做详细介绍。
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